バージョン更新後に壊れたapt-get（依存関係が満たされていない）
ソフトウェア更新ツールを使用して14.04-> 15.10にアップグレードしました。再度ログインして、アップグレード/更新を試みました。 TeXliveに関係する依存関係が満たされていないというエラーメッセージが表示され、apt-get操作を実行できません。
私はapt-getで何かをしようとするたびにこの応答を受け取ります：
user@XPS13:~$ Sudo apt-get upgrade
[Sudo] password for user:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
asymptote : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-base-bin
context : Depends: texlive-binaries but it is not installed
Recommends: fonts-freefont but it is not installable
dvipng : Depends: texlive-base-bin
feynmf : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not installed
fragmaster : Depends: texlive-base-bin
Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not installed
latex-beamer : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
latex-cjk-common : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils (>= 2007.dfsg.2-1) but it is not installed
latex-cjk-thai : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-lang-other (>= 2013.20130523-1) but it is not installed
latexmk : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
luatex : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2014) but it is not installed
musixtex : Depends: texlive-binaries but it is not installed
pmx : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
prosper : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
tex4ht : Depends: texlive-base-bin
tex4ht-common : Depends: texlive-base-bin
texlive-base : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-fonts-extra-doc : Depends: texlive-base (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: tex-common (>= 6) but 4.04 is installed
texlive-fonts-recommended-doc : Depends: tex-common (>= 6) but 4.04 is installed
Depends: texlive-base (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
texlive-full : Depends: texlive-lang-spanish (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-music (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-arabic (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-lang-english (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-metapost-doc (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-bibtex-extra (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-latex-extra (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-xetex (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-lang-french (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-science-doc (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-latex-recommended (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-polish (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-latex-recommended-doc (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-german (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-fonts-recommended (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-math-extra (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-games (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-latex-base-doc (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-publishers-doc (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-pstricks (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-latex-extra-doc (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-indic (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-lang-cyrillic (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-lang-czechslovak (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-lang-other (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-lang-greek (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-fonts-extra (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-lang-korean (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-omega (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-pictures-doc (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-african (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: prerex but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-lang-portuguese (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-formats-extra (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-science (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-pictures (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-cjk (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-humanities (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-plain-extra (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-metapost (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-italian (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-publishers (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-chinese (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-generic-recommended (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-generic-extra (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-base (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-japanese (>= 2015) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-luatex (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2015.20150524) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-pstricks-doc (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-2 is installed
Depends: texlive-lang-european (>= 2015) but it is not installed
texlive-humanities-doc : Depends: texlive-base (>= 2015) but 2013.20140215-1 is installed
Depends: tex-common (>= 6) but 4.04 is installed
texlive-latex-extra : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-latex-recommended : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-luatex : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-math-extra : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-fonts-recommended (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-metapost : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-music : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-omega : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-pictures : Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-pstricks : Depends: texlive-generic-recommended (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
Recommends: texlive-font-utils but it is not installed
Recommends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not installed
texlive-publishers : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-science : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
texlive-xetex : Depends: texlive-latex-base (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-binaries (>= 2013.20130512) but it is not installed
tipa : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not installed
Depends: texlive-base-bin
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
user@XPS13:~$
apt-get -f installを実行すると、不足しているパッケージがダウンロードされましたが、エラーが返され、問題は解決しません。
Fetched 1,526 MB in 10min 34s (2,404 kB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 654588 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../texlive-latex-base-doc_2015.20150625-1ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking texlive-latex-base-doc (2015.20150625-1ubuntu1) over (2013.20140215-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-latex-base-doc_2015.20150625-1ubuntu1_all.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/usr/share/doc/texlive-doc/latex/url/url.tex.gz', which is also in package texlive-latex-recommended-doc 2013.20140215-1
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-latex-base-doc_2015.20150625-1ubuntu1_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
別のフォーラムで、バージョンのアップグレード後に誰かがまったく同じ問題を抱えているスレッドを見つけましたが、解決策はありません。
https://superuser.com/questions/489681/package-problems-after-upgrade
Texliveパッケージのapt-getパージを行うと、依存関係の欠落について同じエラーが返されます。
同じ問題を持つ別のスレッド：
dpkg-deb：エラー：Ubuntu 15.10のインストール後にサブプロセスのペーストがシグナル（破損したパイプ）によって殺されました
更新：
Dpkg --purge --force-allを使用して、問題のあるパッケージを1つずつ手動で削除しました。私が知る限り、apt-getは動作します。できれば、texliveを再インストールするとすべてうまくいきます。
私は少し簡単な方法で問題を修正しました。
Sudo dpkg --force-all --purge texlive-latex-base-doc
この後、更新を正常に完了できました。
同様の問題がありました。私の場合、私は走らなければならなかった
Sudo dpkg --purge --force-all texlive-xetex
Sudo dpkg --purge --force-all texlive-math-extra
@mysonbortが述べたように。これらの2つのパッケージでは、何らかの形で競合が発生します。それらを削除した後
Sudo apt-get -f install
スムーズに働きました。
14.04から15.10へのアップグレードとまったく同じ問題がありました。 OPの一連の思考に従って、次を実行することでこれを解決できました。
Sudo apt-get purge texlive* context dvipng feynmf fragmasater latex* luatex musixtex pmx propser tex4ht* tipa
さらに、apt-get purgeコマンドで繰り返したときに現れるいくつかの依存関係があります。 texに関連するすべての依存関係を削除した後、エラーなしでdist-upgradeを実行し、再びtexlive-fullをクリーンインストールできました。おそらくかなりではありませんが、効果的です。