Pythonを使用してハードディスクのシリアル番号を取得する方法
Linux
あなたが示唆したように、 fcntl はLinuxでこれを行う方法です。翻訳するCコードは次のようになります。
static struct hd_driveid hd;
int fd;
if ((fd = open("/dev/hda", O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {
printf("ERROR opening /dev/hda\n");
exit(1);
}
if (!ioctl(fd, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, &hd)) {
printf("%.20s\n", hd.serial_no);
} else if (errno == -ENOMSG) {
printf("No serial number available\n");
} else {
perror("ERROR: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY");
exit(1);
}
Python Ubuntu 9.10では、次のように変換されます。
import sys, os, fcntl, struct
if os.geteuid() > 0:
print("ERROR: Must be root to use")
sys.exit(1)
with open(sys.argv[1], "rb") as fd:
# tediously derived from the monster struct defined in <hdreg.h>
# see comment at end of file to verify
hd_driveid_format_str = "@ 10H 20s 3H 8s 40s 2B H 2B H 4B 6H 2B I 36H I Q 152H"
# Also from <hdreg.h>
HDIO_GET_IDENTITY = 0x030d
# How big a buffer do we need?
sizeof_hd_driveid = struct.calcsize(hd_driveid_format_str)
# ensure our format string is the correct size
# 512 is extracted using sizeof(struct hd_id) in the c code
assert sizeof_hd_driveid == 512
# Call native function
buf = fcntl.ioctl(fd, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, " " * sizeof_hd_driveid)
fields = struct.unpack(hd_driveid_format_str, buf)
serial_no = fields[10].strip()
model = fields[15].strip()
print("Hard Disk Model: %s" % model)
print(" Serial Number: %s" % serial_no)
## For documentation purposes, this is the struct copied from <hdreg.h>
# struct hd_driveid {
# unsigned short config; /* lots of obsolete bit flags */
# unsigned short cyls; /* Obsolete, "physical" cyls */
# unsigned short reserved2; /* reserved (Word 2) */
# unsigned short heads; /* Obsolete, "physical" heads */
# unsigned short track_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per track */
# unsigned short sector_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per sector */
# unsigned short sectors; /* Obsolete, "physical" sectors per track */
# unsigned short vendor0; /* vendor unique */
# unsigned short vendor1; /* vendor unique */
# unsigned short vendor2; /* Retired vendor unique */
# unsigned char serial_no[20]; /* 0 = not_specified */
# unsigned short buf_type; /* Retired */
# unsigned short buf_size; /* Retired, 512 byte increments
# * 0 = not_specified
# */
# unsigned short ecc_bytes; /* for r/w long cmds; 0 = not_specified */
# unsigned char fw_rev[8]; /* 0 = not_specified */
# unsigned char model[40]; /* 0 = not_specified */
# unsigned char max_multsect; /* 0=not_implemented */
# unsigned char vendor3; /* vendor unique */
# unsigned short dword_io; /* 0=not_implemented; 1=implemented */
# unsigned char vendor4; /* vendor unique */
# unsigned char capability; /* (upper byte of Word 49)
# * 3: IORDYsup
# * 2: IORDYsw
# * 1: LBA
# * 0: DMA
# */
# unsigned short reserved50; /* reserved (Word 50) */
# unsigned char vendor5; /* Obsolete, vendor unique */
# unsigned char tPIO; /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */
# unsigned char vendor6; /* Obsolete, vendor unique */
# unsigned char tDMA; /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */
# unsigned short field_valid; /* (Word 53)
# * 2: ultra_ok Word 88
# * 1: eide_ok words 64-70
# * 0: cur_ok words 54-58
# */
# unsigned short cur_cyls; /* Obsolete, logical cylinders */
# unsigned short cur_heads; /* Obsolete, l heads */
# unsigned short cur_sectors; /* Obsolete, l sectors per track */
# unsigned short cur_capacity0; /* Obsolete, l total sectors on drive */
# unsigned short cur_capacity1; /* Obsolete, (2 words, misaligned int) */
# unsigned char multsect; /* current multiple sector count */
# unsigned char multsect_valid; /* when (bit0==1) multsect is ok */
# unsigned int lba_capacity; /* Obsolete, total number of sectors */
# unsigned short dma_1Word; /* Obsolete, single-Word dma info */
# unsigned short dma_mword; /* multiple-Word dma info */
# unsigned short eide_pio_modes; /* bits 0:mode3 1:mode4 */
# unsigned short eide_dma_min; /* min mword dma cycle time (ns) */
# unsigned short eide_dma_time; /* recommended mword dma cycle time (ns) */
# unsigned short eide_pio; /* min cycle time (ns), no IORDY */
# unsigned short eide_pio_iordy; /* min cycle time (ns), with IORDY */
# unsigned short words69_70[2]; /* reserved words 69-70
# * future command overlap and queuing
# */
# unsigned short words71_74[4]; /* reserved words 71-74
# * for IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command
# */
# unsigned short queue_depth; /* (Word 75)
# * 15:5 reserved
# * 4:0 Maximum queue depth -1
# */
# unsigned short words76_79[4]; /* reserved words 76-79 */
# unsigned short major_rev_num; /* (Word 80) */
# unsigned short minor_rev_num; /* (Word 81) */
# unsigned short command_set_1; /* (Word 82) supported
# * 15: Obsolete
# * 14: NOP command
# * 13: READ_BUFFER
# * 12: WRITE_BUFFER
# * 11: Obsolete
# * 10: Host Protected Area
# * 9: DEVICE Reset
# * 8: SERVICE Interrupt
# * 7: Release Interrupt
# * 6: look-ahead
# * 5: write cache
# * 4: PACKET Command
# * 3: Power Management Feature Set
# * 2: Removable Feature Set
# * 1: Security Feature Set
# * 0: SMART Feature Set
# */
# unsigned short command_set_2; /* (Word 83)
# * 15: Shall be ZERO
# * 14: Shall be ONE
# * 13: FLUSH CACHE EXT
# * 12: FLUSH CACHE
# * 11: Device Configuration Overlay
# * 10: 48-bit Address Feature Set
# * 9: Automatic Acoustic Management
# * 8: SET MAX security
# * 7: reserved 1407DT PARTIES
# * 6: SetF sub-command Power-Up
# * 5: Power-Up in Standby Feature Set
# * 4: Removable Media Notification
# * 3: APM Feature Set
# * 2: CFA Feature Set
# * 1: READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED
# * 0: Download MicroCode
# */
# unsigned short cfsse; /* (Word 84)
# * cmd set-feature supported extensions
# * 15: Shall be ZERO
# * 14: Shall be ONE
# * 13:6 reserved
# * 5: General Purpose Logging
# * 4: Streaming Feature Set
# * 3: Media Card Pass Through
# * 2: Media Serial Number Valid
# * 1: SMART selt-test supported
# * 0: SMART error logging
# */
# unsigned short cfs_enable_1; /* (Word 85)
# * command set-feature enabled
# * 15: Obsolete
# * 14: NOP command
# * 13: READ_BUFFER
# * 12: WRITE_BUFFER
# * 11: Obsolete
# * 10: Host Protected Area
# * 9: DEVICE Reset
# * 8: SERVICE Interrupt
# * 7: Release Interrupt
# * 6: look-ahead
# * 5: write cache
# * 4: PACKET Command
# * 3: Power Management Feature Set
# * 2: Removable Feature Set
# * 1: Security Feature Set
# * 0: SMART Feature Set
# */
# unsigned short cfs_enable_2; /* (Word 86)
# * command set-feature enabled
# * 15: Shall be ZERO
# * 14: Shall be ONE
# * 13: FLUSH CACHE EXT
# * 12: FLUSH CACHE
# * 11: Device Configuration Overlay
# * 10: 48-bit Address Feature Set
# * 9: Automatic Acoustic Management
# * 8: SET MAX security
# * 7: reserved 1407DT PARTIES
# * 6: SetF sub-command Power-Up
# * 5: Power-Up in Standby Feature Set
# * 4: Removable Media Notification
# * 3: APM Feature Set
# * 2: CFA Feature Set
# * 1: READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED
# * 0: Download MicroCode
# */
# unsigned short csf_default; /* (Word 87)
# * command set-feature default
# * 15: Shall be ZERO
# * 14: Shall be ONE
# * 13:6 reserved
# * 5: General Purpose Logging enabled
# * 4: Valid CONFIGURE STREAM executed
# * 3: Media Card Pass Through enabled
# * 2: Media Serial Number Valid
# * 1: SMART selt-test supported
# * 0: SMART error logging
# */
# unsigned short dma_ultra; /* (Word 88) */
# unsigned short trseuc; /* time required for security erase */
# unsigned short trsEuc; /* time required for enhanced erase */
# unsigned short CurAPMvalues; /* current APM values */
# unsigned short mprc; /* master password revision code */
# unsigned short hw_config; /* hardware config (Word 93)
# * 15: Shall be ZERO
# * 14: Shall be ONE
# * 13:
# * 12:
# * 11:
# * 10:
# * 9:
# * 8:
# * 7:
# * 6:
# * 5:
# * 4:
# * 3:
# * 2:
# * 1:
# * 0: Shall be ONE
# */
# unsigned short acoustic; /* (Word 94)
# * 15:8 Vendor's recommended value
# * 7:0 current value
# */
# unsigned short msrqs; /* min stream request size */
# unsigned short sxfert; /* stream transfer time */
# unsigned short sal; /* stream access latency */
# unsigned int spg; /* stream performance granularity */
# unsigned long long lba_capacity_2;/* 48-bit total number of sectors */
# unsigned short words104_125[22];/* reserved words 104-125 */
# unsigned short last_lun; /* (Word 126) */
# unsigned short Word127; /* (Word 127) Feature Set
# * Removable Media Notification
# * 15:2 reserved
# * 1:0 00 = not supported
# * 01 = supported
# * 10 = reserved
# * 11 = reserved
# */
# unsigned short dlf; /* (Word 128)
# * device lock function
# * 15:9 reserved
# * 8 security level 1:max 0:high
# * 7:6 reserved
# * 5 enhanced erase
# * 4 expire
# * 3 frozen
# * 2 locked
# * 1 en/disabled
# * 0 capability
# */
# unsigned short csfo; /* (Word 129)
# * current set features options
# * 15:4 reserved
# * 3: auto reassign
# * 2: reverting
# * 1: read-look-ahead
# * 0: write cache
# */
# unsigned short words130_155[26];/* reserved vendor words 130-155 */
# unsigned short Word156; /* reserved vendor Word 156 */
# unsigned short words157_159[3];/* reserved vendor words 157-159 */
# unsigned short cfa_power; /* (Word 160) CFA Power Mode
# * 15 Word 160 supported
# * 14 reserved
# * 13
# * 12
# * 11:0
# */
# unsigned short words161_175[15];/* Reserved for CFA */
# unsigned short words176_205[30];/* Current Media Serial Number */
# unsigned short words206_254[49];/* reserved words 206-254 */
# unsigned short integrity_Word; /* (Word 255)
# * 15:8 Checksum
# * 7:0 Signature
# */
# };
長さについてお詫びしますが、元のC構造体をコメントとして含めると便利だと思いました。また、私はfcntlモジュールとstructモジュールの両方にかなり慣れているので、何か奇妙なことをしているのかもしれません。いずれの場合も、コマンドラインから（root特権を使用して）次のように実行します（プライバシーのために正確なシリアルを編集しました）。
fmark@fmark-laptop:~/Desktop/hdserial$ Sudo python hd.py "/dev/sda"
Hard Disk Model: FUJITSU MHV2080BH PL
Serial Number: NW--------
何が起きてる？
ここで何が起こっているのかを理解できるようにするには、元のCプログラムの#include <linux/hdreg.h>を調べる必要があります。これには、HDIO_GET_IDENTITY定数とstruct hd_driveidのインポートが含まれます。構造体をコメントとして上記のpython sourcecodeにコピーしたので、ここでは繰り返しません。HDIO_GET_IDENTITYで何が行われているのかを調べるには、ソースをgrepしてください-そのコード（Ubuntuでは/usr/include/linux/hdreg.hにあります。次のようなものが見つかります：
#define HDIO_GET_IDENTITY 0x030d /* get IDE identification info */
したがって、HDIO_GET_IDENTITYは、HD情報の取得に関心があることをfcntlに伝える定数にすぎません。お気づきのように、同じ値（0x030dは16進表記の整数）がpythonコード内の変数に割り当てられています。
ウィンドウズ
Linuxに興味があるようですが、後世のためにここに置いておきます。以下は、WindowsでHDDシリアル番号を取得します（ wmiパッケージ をインストールする必要があります）：
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI()
for item in c.Win32_PhysicalMedia():
print item
ドライバーを入手してケースを開けてください;-)
あなたがWindowsを使っているなら、これはトリックをするかもしれません
import win32api
print win32api.GetVolumeInformation("C:\\")
これには、WindowsのMark Hammondモジュールが必要です http://python.net/crew/mhammond/